3,332 research outputs found
Labour Market Impact of Large Scale Internal Migration on Chinese Urban 'Native' Workers
Hundreds of millions of rural migrants have moved into Chinese cities since the early 1990s contributing greatly to economic growth, yet, they are often blamed for reducing urban 'native' workers’ employment opportunities, suppressing their wages and increasing pressure on infrastructure and other public facilities. This paper examines the causal relationship between rural-urban migration and urban native workers' labour market outcomes in Chinese cities. After controlling for the endogeneity problem our results show that rural migrants in urban China have modest positive or zero effects on the average employment and insignificant impact on earnings of urban workers. When examine the impact on unskilled labours we once again find it to be positive and insignificant. We conjecture that the reason for the lack of adverse effects is due partially to the labour market segregation between the migrants and urban natives, and partially due to the complementarities between the two groups of workers. Further investigation reveals that the increase in migrant inflow is related to the demand expansion and that if the economic growth continues, elimination of labour market segregation may not necessarily lead to an adverse impact of migration on urban native labour market outcomes.migration, native labour market outcomes, China
Enhancement of Visible-Light-Induced Photocurrent and Photocatalytic Activity of V and N Codoped TiO2 Nanotube Array Films
Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) codoped with V and N were
synthesized by electrochemical anodization in association with hydrothermal
treatment. The samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron
microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The
photocurrent and photocatalytic activity of codoped TiO2 nanotube arrays were
investigated under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the production of
hydroxyl radicals on the surface of visible light-irradiated samples is
detected by a photoluminescence technique using terephthalic acid (TA) as a
probe molecule. It was found that the V+N co-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays showed
remarkably enhanced photocurrent and photocatalytic activity than undoped
sample due to the V and N codoping.Comment: 15 Pages, 6 figure
The Dynamic Change in Wage Gap between Urban Residents and Rural Migrants in Chinese Cities
Although a significant wage gap has been found in many previous studies between urban workers and rural migrants in Chinese cities, it is still not clear how such a wage gap may evolve over time. This paper uses both a dynamic wage decomposition method and economic assimilation model with pooled cross-sectional data from the China Household Income Project Survey (CHIPS) of 1999 and 2002 to investigate the change in the wage gap between urban workers and rural migrants over time and its determinants in Chinese cities. The estimation results show that (1) there is a widening on-average wage gap between urban workers and rural migrants across the two surveyed years in Chinese cities, mainly caused by the decline in the return to education for rural migrants; (2) rural migrants can catch up with the wage level of their urban counterparts as the time they reside in the host cities increases, but because of the decline in the speed of catching-up over time, rural migrants cannot obtain wages comparable totheir urban counterparts in their life time, and more importantly well-educated rural migrants do not seem to have a significant advantage in this wage assimilation process than the lowlypoorly-educated ones. Both findings suggest that there might be discrimination against well-educated rural migrants which prevents them from obtaining a fair wage in the Chinese urban labour market.Wage differential, Migration
Facile synthesis and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of N and Zr co-doped TiO2 nanostructures from nanotubular titanic acid precursors
Zr/N co-doped TiO2 nanostructures were successfully synthesized using
nanotubular titanic acid (NTA) as precursors by a facile wet chemical route and
subsequent calcination. These Zr/N-doped TiO2 nanostructures made by NTA
precursors show significantly enhanced visible light absorption and much higher
photocatalytic performance than the Zr/N-doped P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. Impacts
of Zr/N co-doping on the morphologies, optical properties, and photocatalytic
activities of the NTA precursor-based TiO2 were thoroughly investigated. The
origin of the enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity is discussed in
detail.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Economic Reform and Changing Patterns of Labor Force Participation in Urban and Rural China
In this project, we employ data from the Chinese population censuses of 1982, 1990, and 2000 to examine reform-era changes in the patterns of male and female labor force participation and in the distribution of men’s and women’s occupational attainment. Very marked patterns of change in labor force participation emerge when we disaggregate the data by age cohort, marital status, sex, and rural/urban location. Women have decreased their labor force participation more than men, and urban women much more than rural women. Single young people in urban areas have decreased their labor force participation to stay in school to a much greater extent than single young people in rural areas. The urban elderly have decreased their rates of labor force participation while the rural elderly have increased theirs. We also find evidence of the feminization of agriculture.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40173/3/wp787.pd
A Comparison of Reform-Era Labor Force Participation Rates of China’s Ethnic Minorities and Han Majority
Previous research suggests that minorities are not faring well in China’s transition—both income and occupational attainment gaps are widening. We are particularly interested in whether the differences in majority and minority economic outcomes are the result of ethnicity per se, or whether they are artifacts of local economic conditions. In this paper, we employ data from the three most recent population censuses of China to explore differences in the labor force participation rates of a number of China’s important ethnic groups. We estimate urban labor force participation rates using probit regressions controlling for sex, marital status, educational attainment, age, ethnicity, and location. We also account for the geographic concentration of particular ethnic minorities and compare the participation rates of different ethnic groups within geographic regions that represent the areas of principal residence for each minority. We concentrate on seven important minority groups: Hui, Koreans, Manchu, Mongolians, Uygurs, Yi and Zhuang. We find that location has limited explanatory power in explaining differences in the probability of labor force participation between these important Chinese ethnic minorities and the majority Han.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40181/3/wp795.pd
Economic Reform and Changing Patterns of Labor Force Participation in Urban and Rural China
In this project, we employ data from the Chinese population censuses of 1982, 1990, and 2000 to examine reform-era changes in the patterns of male and female labor force participation and in the distribution of men’s and women’s occupational attainment. Very marked patterns of change in labor force participation emerge when we disaggregate the data by age cohort, marital status, sex, and rural/urban location. Women have decreased their labor force participation more than men, and urban women much more than rural women. Single young people in urban areas have decreased their labor force participation to stay in school to a much greater extent than single young people in rural areas. The urban elderly have decreased their rates of labor force participation while the rural elderly have increased theirs. We also find evidence of the feminization of agriculture.China, labor force participation, economic reform, occupational attainment, population censuses
Probing dynamics of dark energy with latest observations
We examine the validity of the CDM model, and probe for the dynamics
of dark energy using latest astronomical observations. Using the
diagnosis, we find that different kinds of observational data are in tension
within the CDM framework. We then allow for dynamics of dark energy
and investigate the constraint on dark energy parameters. We find that for two
different kinds of parametrisations of the equation of state parameter , a
combination of current data mildly favours an evolving , although the
significance is not sufficient for it to be supported by the Bayesian evidence.
A forecast of the DESI survey shows that the dynamics of dark energy could be
detected at confidence level, and will be decisively supported by the
Bayesian evidence, if the best fit model of derived from current data is
the true model.Comment: 4.5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; references adde
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